Green Agriculture Revolution
In the early 1970s when Chinese agro-scientists found wild rice with abortive pollen on Hainan Island, they never thought that the hybrid rice they would develop based on it 20 years later would cover 130 million hectares, increasing rice output by 240 billion kg at a rate of 14-30 percent. This variety of hybrid rice has not only brought China's grain output onto a new level, but has also been introduced to many other countries and regions in the world.
It is no wonder that Yuan Longing, an agro-scientist who made tremendous contributions to the development of the country's hybrid rice, won the state special award for scientific and technological progress. Yuan has won more awards than the scientists engaged in the research of atomic and hydrogen bombs.
Agro-scientists estimate that the creation of new varieties (each time on a large scale) over the past few years has increased the total grain output by at least 10 percent. In addition to hybrid rice, many improved cotton varieties featuring long cotton fibers, pure white color and high yield have brought in enormous economic results once they were widely popularized in the country. The output increase rate was registered between 10-20 percent. The past few years have also seen an increase in the output of peanuts (the growth rate being around 25 percent) because fine varieties containing a high proportion of oil have been widely introduced.
From 1992 to 1997, Chinese agro-scientists have developed 207 new varieties of grain crops, 184 economic crops and 82 vegetables. New varieties of six major crops (rice, wheat, maize, barley, millet and sorghum) have been popularized and cover about 100 million hectares, which led to a total grain output increase of 31.9 billion kg, with economic results reaching 50.1 billion Yuan.
Since the late 1980s, the second "green revolution" represented by transgenosis plants have been developed, including the antiverticillium wheat, rice free from weed killers and the disease-resistant potato. They have entered the stage of field experimentation and demonstration.
The most outstanding development is the breeding and popularization of pest-resistant cotton. Several years ago, cotton bollworm posed a serious threat to cotton growth in China. In north China, cotton-producing areas hit by a plague of cotton bollworm had their total output reduced by two thirds; some farmers even suffered a total crop failure. The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences listed the anti-boll worm research at the top of its agenda. Now an important breakthrough has been made in this field. Agro-scientists have developed 12 fine varieties of bollworm-resistant cotton. Last year when a plague of cotton bollworm attacked these new varieties of cotton, the crops withstood the test. These new varieties have the same boll worm-resistance as those developed by foreign countries. As the quality of the cotton fiber and harvest are ensured with the per hectare ginned cotton output reaching 1,500 kg, these varieties are commonly favored by cotton farmers. In Shandong, farmers even lined up to acquire the seeds. To ensure the sustainable development of China's agriculture, the Chinese Government has made the research of agricultural biological technology a priority. Many scientists have joined together to conduct research on rice genome, hybrid advantages and transgenosis stability.
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